Laos, officially the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, has had a series of presidents since it became a socialist state in 1975. The role of the president in Laos is mainly ceremonial, with real power being concentrated in the hands of the General Secretary of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party.
However, the presidency still holds significant symbolic and representative importance. Below is a comprehensive list of the presidents of Laos, arranged in chronological order, along with some detailed insights into the first and current presidents, as well as the two current vice presidents.
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| President | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Souphanouvong | 1975–1991 |
| Kaysone Phomvihane | 1991–1992 |
| Nouhak Phoumsavanh | 1992–1998 |
| Khamtai Siphandone | 1998–2006 |
| Choummaly Sayasone | 2006–2016 |
| Bounnhang Vorachith | 2016–2021 |
| Thongloun Sisoulith | 2021–Present |
The First President: Souphanouvong
Souphanouvong, often known as the “Red Prince,” was born on July 13, 1909, in Luang Prabang, Laos. He was a member of the Lao royal family, being the half-brother of the last King of Laos, Sisavang Vong.
Despite his royal lineage, Souphanouvong was a staunch communist and played a key role in the establishment of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.
Before becoming the president, Souphanouvong was a prominent leader of the Lao Issara (Free Laos) movement, which sought independence from French colonial rule. He later became the figurehead of the Pathet Lao, the communist political movement that eventually took control of the country in 1975.
Notable Achievements:
- Founding of the Lao PDR: Souphanouvong is credited with being one of the founding fathers of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. His leadership helped solidify the communist movement in Laos.
- National Unity: He worked to unite the various ethnic groups within Laos under a single national identity.
Downsides:
- Economic Challenges: His tenure saw significant economic challenges as the country transitioned to a socialist economy, leading to widespread poverty and limited economic growth.
- Political Repression: Souphanouvong’s presidency was marked by strict political repression, with little tolerance for dissent against the communist government.
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The Current President: Thongloun Sisoulith
Thongloun Sisoulith was born on November 10, 1945, in Houaphanh Province, Laos. He comes from a humble background and rose through the ranks of the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) through dedication and political acumen.
Before becoming president, Thongloun served as the Prime Minister of Laos, where he was recognized for his efforts to improve governance and reduce corruption. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, playing a key role in improving Laos’ international relations.
Notable Achievements:
- Economic Reforms: As Prime Minister, Thongloun implemented economic reforms aimed at boosting Laos’ economy, focusing on infrastructure development and attracting foreign investment.
- Anti-Corruption Efforts: He launched a campaign against corruption, which helped to increase transparency and accountability within the government.
Downsides:
- Human Rights Issues: Despite his reforms, Thongloun’s tenure has been criticized for continued human rights abuses, particularly concerning freedom of speech and political dissent.
- Economic Dependence: The country remains heavily dependent on foreign aid and investments, particularly from China, raising concerns about economic sovereignty.
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The Two Current Vice Presidents: Pany Yathotou and Bounthong Chitmany
Pany Yathotou
Pany Yathotou was born in 1951 in Xieng Khouang Province, Laos. She is one of the most prominent female politicians in the country, breaking many barriers in a traditionally male-dominated political landscape.
Before becoming Vice President, Pany served as the President of the National Assembly of Laos, where she was instrumental in passing key legislation.
Notable Achievements:
- Legislative Leadership: Pany’s leadership in the National Assembly helped strengthen the legislative process in Laos, ensuring more robust governance.
- Advocacy for Women’s Rights: As a leading female figure in Lao politics, she has been an advocate for women’s rights and empowerment.
Downsides:
- Limited Political Influence: Despite her position, her influence is often seen as limited compared to her male counterparts, reflecting the ongoing gender imbalance in Lao politics.
Bounthong Chitmany
Bounthong Chitmany was born in 1948 in Savannakhet Province, Laos. He has had a long career in the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party, known for his work in government oversight and anti-corruption.
Before becoming the vice president he was head of the Party Central Committee’s Inspection Commission he was responsible for overseeing party discipline and combating corruption within the party ranks.
Notable Achievements:
- Anti-Corruption Drive: Bounthong has been a key figure in the government’s anti-corruption efforts, which have led to the prosecution of several high-profile officials.
- Public Sector Reforms: He has also worked on reforms aimed at improving efficiency and transparency in the public sector.
Downsides:
- Ongoing Corruption Issues: Despite his efforts, corruption remains a significant issue in Laos, with many critics arguing that his reforms have not gone far enough.
- Resistance to Change: Bounthong’s tenure has been marked by resistance from within the party to the reforms he advocates, limiting the effectiveness of his initiatives.
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Conclusion
The leadership of Laos has seen a mix of revolutionary figures and reformers, each contributing to the country’s development in different ways. While the presidents have played largely ceremonial roles, their influence on the direction of the country cannot be understated.
From Souphanouvong’s foundational leadership to Thongloun Sisoulith’s modern reforms, the evolution of the presidency in Laos reflects the broader changes within the country itself.